ABA vs Behavior Therapy: What Families Should Know
In short: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a specific, evidence-based type of behavior therapy designed to teach skills and reduce challenging behaviors in autism. General behavior therapy is a broader category that may include other approaches. ABA is typically more structured, data-driven, and focused on measurable progress, and is often covered by insurance and Medicaid.
Key takeaways
- ABA is a scientifically validated form of behavior therapy specifically tailored for autism, focusing on skill acquisition and behavior reduction.
- General behavior therapy is a wider term that includes various approaches like CBT, which may be less structured and not autism-specific.
- ABA is typically delivered by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and uses data collection to track progress.
- Both ABA and other behavior therapies can be effective, but ABA is the most researched and commonly recommended for autism by major health organizations.
Understanding the Basics: ABA and Behavior Therapy
When you're exploring support for a child with autism, you'll likely hear the terms 'ABA therapy' and 'behavior therapy' used interchangeably. While they are related, they are not the same thing. Understanding the difference is crucial for making informed decisions about care.
What is Behavior Therapy? Behavior therapy is a broad category of therapeutic approaches that focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through principles of learning. It includes many different techniques and is used for a wide range of conditions, from anxiety to ADHD. The core idea is that behaviors are learned and can be unlearned or replaced.
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? ABA is a specific, scientifically validated form of behavior therapy that is particularly effective for individuals with autism. It applies the principles of learning and motivation to teach new skills and reduce behaviors that interfere with daily life. ABA is highly individualized, data-driven, and often delivered in one-on-one settings by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).
🔗 Related reading: Is ABA Therapy Covered by Medicaid in Colorado? · Local ABA Therapy
Key Differences Between ABA and General Behavior Therapy
Focus and Goals
ABA is designed to address the core challenges of autism, such as communication deficits, social skills, repetitive behaviors, and difficulty with daily living tasks. Goals are specific, measurable, and broken down into small steps. For example, a goal might be 'The child will initiate a request for a preferred item using a two-word phrase in 4 out of 5 opportunities.'
General behavior therapy may focus on a broader range of issues, including emotional regulation, anxiety, or oppositional behavior. Goals are often less granular and may not be as directly tied to autism-specific deficits.
Methodology and Structure
ABA uses systematic teaching methods like discrete trial training (DTT), natural environment teaching (NET), and positive reinforcement. Sessions are highly structured, with frequent data collection to track progress and adjust strategies. A BCBA oversees the program and supervises therapists (RBTs).
General behavior therapy might include techniques like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which involves talking through thoughts and feelings. It is less structured and may not involve the same level of data collection or direct skill teaching. It is often delivered by a psychologist or counselor.
Who Provides the Therapy?
ABA is typically led by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), who holds a master's or doctoral degree and specialized certification. They design the treatment plan and supervise Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs) who work directly with the child.
General behavior therapy may be provided by a licensed psychologist, social worker, or counselor. Their training may not include autism-specific behavior analysis.
What to Expect from ABA Therapy
If you choose ABA, here is what a typical program looks like:
- Initial Assessment: A BCBA will conduct a functional behavior assessment (FBA) to understand your child's strengths and challenges.
- Individualized Plan: A treatment plan is created with specific, measurable goals. Parents are involved in setting priorities.
- One-on-One Sessions: Therapy is usually delivered in the home, school, or clinic setting, often for 10-40 hours per week depending on the child's needs.
- Data-Driven Progress: The BCBA collects data during every session to ensure the child is making progress and adjusts the plan as needed.
- Parent Training: Parents learn strategies to reinforce skills at home and manage challenging behaviors.
🔗 Related reading: ABA Therapy for 7-Year-Olds with High-Functioning Autism · Local ABA Therapy
What to Expect from General Behavior Therapy
General behavior therapy for autism might look different:
- Less Intensive: Sessions may be once a week for 45-60 minutes.
- Talk-Based: For older children and teens, CBT may be used to address anxiety, depression, or social thinking.
- Less Structured: Goals may be broader, such as 'reduce tantrums' or 'improve coping skills.'
- No Data Collection: Progress is often measured through self-report or parent report rather than direct observation.
Costs and Insurance Coverage
One of the biggest practical considerations is cost. ABA therapy is widely covered by insurance plans, including Medicaid, for children diagnosed with autism. Most states have mandates requiring insurance to cover ABA. However, coverage can vary, and you may need a prescription or prior authorization. The cost without insurance can be high, ranging from $50 to $150 per hour.
General behavior therapy is also often covered by insurance, but coverage may be limited to a certain number of sessions per year. It may not be specifically approved for autism unless it is part of a broader treatment plan.
If you are unsure about your coverage, a free matching service like Get Started with ABA can help you find providers who accept your insurance, including Medicaid, and guide you through the process.
Which One is Right for Your Child?
The choice between ABA and general behavior therapy depends on your child's specific needs, age, and goals. Here are some considerations:
- Young children (under 6): ABA is often recommended for early intervention because it can teach foundational skills like communication, imitation, and play.
- School-age children: ABA can be integrated into school settings to support academic and social skills. General behavior therapy may help with emotional regulation.
- Teens and adults: General behavior therapy like CBT can be effective for anxiety and depression. ABA can still be useful for vocational skills and independent living.
- Severe challenging behaviors: ABA is the most evidence-based approach for reducing self-injury, aggression, or other severe behaviors.
Many families combine both approaches. For example, a child might receive ABA for skill-building and CBT for anxiety. The key is to work with professionals who understand your child's unique profile.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When navigating these options, avoid these pitfalls:
- Assuming all behavior therapy is the same: Not all therapists are trained in ABA. Ask about credentials and experience with autism.
- Choosing based on cost alone: Cheaper options may not provide the intensity or expertise needed. Insurance may cover ABA fully.
- Ignoring the importance of parent involvement: Both ABA and general behavior therapy require parent participation for best results.
- Not verifying insurance coverage: Always confirm coverage before starting therapy to avoid surprise bills.
How Get Started with ABA Can Help
Finding the right therapy provider can be overwhelming. Get Started with ABA is a free service that matches families with vetted, BCBA-led ABA therapy providers in their area. We work with providers who accept a wide range of insurance plans, including Medicaid. Simply fill out a short form, and we'll connect you with options tailored to your child's needs and your location. This takes the guesswork out of finding quality care.